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| A Conversation with the Father of Black History Carter G. Woodson We are now in the final week of Black History Month. Allow us to introduce to some and present to others the father of Black History Month. Once upon a time, in the late nineteenth century, there lived a black boy in the cornfields of Virginia. He was the son of former slaves in a poor family of nine children with little hope for advancement until his father heard they were building a high school in Huntington, West Virginia and moved his family there. And so it was that at the age of twenty, with hardly any formal education, Carter G. Woodson became a belated student at the Frederick Douglass High School. Proving to be a quick study, Carter G. had graduated from high school by the time he was twenty- two, but weary of working in the coal mines where he felt despised by whites and looked down on by blacks, he bravely entered a liberal Christian college in Kentucky named Berea, the first college in the South to admit students of every race and both genders on an equal basis, while charging no tuition from that day to this.Today Carter G. Woodson is one of the college’s most revered alumni. In fact, one of us (Dr. Julia Hare) has keynoted Berea’s Annual Carter G. Woodson Weekend. Interestingly, Woodson attended Berea at first for only two years (until it closed its doors to blacks). He then enrolled at the University of Chicago but returned to Berea when it reopened its doors to blacks. Then, armed with a bachelor’s degree in literature, he taught for a United States government sponsored program of education in the Philippines before returning for graduate study at the University of Chicago, which would not recognize his degree at Berea, forcing him to get another bachelor’s degree before the master’s at the University of Chicago. Not to be outdone by Berea, the University of Chicago includes Carter G. Woodson (as well as Nathan Hare) on its official website as among approximately 150 “Notable Alumni” living and dead. After leaving Chicago, Carter G. Woodson went on to become the second black person to receive a Ph.D. in history at Harvard. W.E.B. Dubois, with whom Woodson would later collaborate informally in the building of Crisis magazine, had been the first to do so. By then Carter G. Woodson had arrived at the categorical recognition that something was missing in the education of black people at every level in American society. He saw vividly both the visible and hidden consequences of what he regarded as the tragic fact that “the role of his own people in American history and in the history of other cultures was either being ignored or misrepresented.” According to Wikipedia, Woodson “recognized and acted upon the importance of a people having an awareness and knowledge of their contributions to humanity,” and set out immediately on a mission and what would become the making of the legacy known to us today as “Black History Month.” We are privileged indeed to converse with Prof. Woodson. across the generations of our oppression in America, on the occasion of Black History Month. Nathan and Julia Hare: Prof. Woodson, what a pleasure and a privilege it is to have a few words with you. Your invention of “Black History Week” remains one of the most influential and cherished accomplishments of our people in America, and we are happy to inform you that it is now “Black History Month.” We’ve never actually met you before, but we studied your writings in high school. One of your books was the text for a course in “Negro History” at the Toussaint L’ Ouverture High School in Slick, Oklahoma in the days of Jim Crow segregation, and your good works and wise words were often on the tongues of teachers at Tulsa’s Booker T. Washington High School, now a predominantly white magnet school called “Washington” (as if in George Washington, because the white kids didn’t want to go to a school named after Booker T.). So you can see, Dr. Woodson, that the struggle continues. We have read that you wanted black history taught in our schools and communities every day. Why were you so concerned about black history and what drove you on to give it such an important and irrevocable place in American society and the world? Why is black history so important? Prof. Woodson: If a race has no history, if it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a negligible factor in the thought of the world and it stands in danger of being exterminated. The Hares: Could you teach on that for a moment Dr. Woodson? Woodson: In history, of course, the Negro had no place in this curriculum [designed and controlled by their white oppressors]. He was pictured as a human being of the lower order, unable to subject passion to reason, and therefore useful only when made the hewer of wood and the drawer of water for others. No thought was given to the history of Africa except so far as it had been a field of exploitation for the Caucasian. You might study the history as it was offered in our system from the elementary school throughout the university, and you would never hear Africa mentioned except in the negative You would never thereby learn that Africans first domesticated the sheep, goat, and cow, developed the idea of trial by jury, produced the first stringed instruments, and gave the world its greatest boon in the discovery of iron. You would never know that prior to the Mohammedan invasion about 1000 A.D. these natives in the heart of Africa had developed powerful kingdoms. The Hares: We’re afraid it isn’t much better in that respect today, Dr. Woodson. The idea of including black history in the elementary and secondary curriculum is still a struggle, though there is an ambivalent and ambiguous trend toward offering black courses of study such as you once advocated, not only in history but “literature, religion, and philosophy, journalism, business, and science and mathematics.” [Woodson, “The Seat of the Trouble,” The Miseducation of the Negro], You also once observed that even so- called “educated” blacks, especially the “’highly educated,” do not like to hear such expressions as ‘Negro literature,’ ‘Negro poetry,’ ‘African art,’ or ‘thinking black’“ These things,” you remarked, “did not figure in the courses which they pursued in school [and] highly educated Negroes denounce persons who advocate for the Negro a sort of education different in some respects from that now given the white man.” But can you imagine why, at this late date, this regrettable situation still exists? Woodson: No systematic effort toward change has been possible, for, taught the same economics, history, philosophy, literature and religion which have established the present code of morals, the Negro’s mind has been brought under the control of his oppressor. The problem of holding the Negro down, therefore, is easily solved. When you control a man’s thinking you do not have to worry about his actions. You do not have to tell him not to stand here or go yonder. He will find his “proper place” and will stay in it. You do not need to send him to the back door. He will go without being told. In fact, if there is no back door, he will cut one for his special benefit. His education makes it necessary. The Hares: So that’s why with the emergence of the “black bourgeoisie” class we have so many “Black Anglo Saxons,” brothers and sisters with white minds in black bodies, people the brothers and sisters in “the hood” call “bourgies,” “oreos” and “coconuts” (brown on the outside, white on the inside) who go to sleep at night and dream that they will wake up white. And don’ t mention our black leaders. Many at first could not believe that an African-American family could make it to the White House, and they have failed to carry on the work of Martin Luther King, not to mention the black consciousness movement of the 1960s. So now our leaders are mainly either funded or elected officials or appointed outright by the white powers that be, much in the manner of the old plantation overseers. They are nothing but “leading blacks” (so- called leaders, without any followers or any plan not given to them or approved by their oppressors). These leading blacks are too often those we see on the podium receiving awards and certificates as “black leaders.” Woodson: The difficulty is that the “educated Negro” [on the whole] is compelled to live and move among his own people whom he has been taught to despise. As rule, therefore, the “educated Negro” prefers to buy his food from a white grocer because he has been taught that the Negro is not clean. It does not matter how often a Negro washes his hands, then, he cannot clean them, and it does not matter how often a white man uses his hands he cannot soil them. The educated Negro, moreover, is disinclined to take part in Negro business, because he has been taught in economics that Negroes cannot operate in this particular sphere. The “educated Negro” gets less and less pleasure out of the Negro church, not on account of its primitiveness and increasing corruption, but because of his preference for the seats of “righteousness” controlled by his oppressor. This has been his education… The Hares: This conversation sure is getting good, Prof. Woodson. You remind us of The Willie Lynch Letters being circulated these days about the perhaps apocryphal legend of a speech that a British slave owner of the West Indies (“lynching” is said to have derived from his name) delivered on the bank of the James River back in 1712 to teach slave owners in the colony of Virginia the art of “The Making of a Slave.” Mr. Lynch also was given to teach his methods or “Cardinal Principles for Making a Negro.” Much of this was anticipated in the book you wrote in 1933, The Miseducation of the Negro. You’ll be happy to know it’ s still popular today. Essence magazine listed it a year or so ago as a bestseller in black bookstores, along with Dreams of My Father by Barack Obama, and our own book, The Miseducation of the Black Child. Yes! Would you believe it? Woodson: That’s amazing. The education of the Negro child is under outside control… The so- called modern education, with all its defects, however, does others so much more good than it does the Negro, because it has been worked out in conformity to the needs of those who have enslaved and oppressed weaker peoples…the large majority of the Negroes who have put on the finishing touches of our best colleges are all but worthless in the development of their people…The educational system of a country is worthless….Men of scholarship, and prophetic insight, must show us the right way and lead us into light….The mere imparting of information is not education. The Hares: Our schools have become killing fields and holding cells. We continue to spend a lot of time in our schools training the black child but not enough time educating them. When you train a child they can become an employee. When you educate a child the child can become an employer. When you train a child the child can get a nice job, but when you educate a child has a choice of a career. When you train a child they learn to memorize, and sometimes quite well, but when you educate a child, the child learns to think. Many predicted that the present generation would become the “children of the dream.” Instead they’re part of a generation that is both the most incarcerated and murdered (usually by one another). We have children who no longer respect their parents or any other authority figure. Unable to respect their parents they in turn cannot respect themselves. We must seize back control of our children’s minds. We’ve lost the right to discipline in the schools, the home, the church and the street. Taking discipline away from the parents, under threat of sending the parents to jail, the teachers are afraid of the principle, the principals are afraid of the school board, the school board is afraid of the superintendent, the superintendent is afraid of the parent, the parents are afraid of the kids, and the kids are afraid of nobody. It is time for us to act. Black people need to deal with our history 365 days of the year. Every month must be Black History Month.* By Nathan and Julia Hare, *"A Conversation with the Father of Black History, (a front page feature continued on page 2, reprinted from the SUN REPORTER , Volume 65, Number 8, February 25, 2010, pp. 1-2. Contact: Phone: 415-671-1000. Fax: 415- 671-1005. Email: sunreporter@sbcglobal.net ************ Black Studies What's New? Something Old Something New Seventeen lonely years after its original publication, what appears to be an emerging Black Think Tank underground classic (The Miseducation of the Black Child) is noted a "bestseller" by Essence magazine, along with such as "The Willie Lynch Letters" by William Lynch and Kashif Malik Hassan-el, "Dreams From My Father" by Barack Obama, and The Mis-Education of the Negro by the late great Carter G. Woodson. Touted in the coveted paperback nonfiction category,The Miseducation of the Black Child competed with books initially published in hardback to make the rounds of mainstream libraries and media reviewers before morphing into paperback on "the Great White Way." By contrast The Miseducation of the Black Child came straight out of The Black Think Tank, based on living lessons learned by individuals who have taught in the public schools of the District of Columbia, Chicago and San Francisco, fueled by clinical observation as well as academic and informal interaction with late 1960s college student activists, community and street intellectuals at Howard University as well as the battlegrounds of the strike for black studies at San Francisco State, creatively applied to overhauling the public schools and educating every black man, woman and child. *********** |